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The Elimination of Extraterritoriality
The Convention Concerning Indochina 1926
Numerous problems arose over the border along the Mekong River since the French considered the entire river to belong to France. They claimed that since the Treaty of 1893 had ceded all the islands in the Mekong River to France, the river itself should be owned by France. However, according to the principles of International Law, the thalweg of the river was normally considered to form the boundary line. Thailand, therefore, signed a convention with France in 1926 aimed at reaching an understanding over Indochina. The main points of the treaty are as follows :
1. In those parts of the river in which the Mekong was not divided into several branches by islands, France accepted the thalweg as forming the boundary line between Thailand and Indochina. In those parts in which the Mekong was divided by islands, the boundary line was formed by the thalweg of the branch of the river nearest to the Thai shore. Some lands on the river were attached to the shore and could not be considered islands proper : therefore, these lands were determined to be part of Thai territory.
2. The Treaty of 1893 had stipulated that only the right bank of the Mekong River was to be a demilitarized zone, but the Treaty of 1925 specified that the left bank of the river was also to be demilitarized. The Convention concerning Indochina thus set aside an area 25 kilometres wide on each side of the boundary line as a demilitarized zone.
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